Human immunodeficiency virus is a sexually transmitted infection that does not have any cure till date. All the available treatment options for this disease are capable of suppressing the symptoms. Best among these treatment options is the one that suppresses AIDS-related symptoms for as long as possible. As per the recommendations made by a panel of leading AIDS specialists, highly active retroviral therapy or HAART is one such treatment option.

The basic objective of HAART method is to improve the life expectancy of a HIV-infected person by reducing the amount of virus present in the blood to very low or almost undetectable levels. This objective is achieved by means of administrating more than 2 different kinds of anti-retroviral drugs as a combination therapy. These anti-retroviral drugs are medications used for the treatment of infections caused by retroviruses like HIV. There are six different classes of antiretroviral drugs available in the market whose function is to act as potent inhibitors at different stages of HIV lifecycle and prevent the growth, replication and proliferation of the virus.

Combination of antiretroviral drugs belonging to different classes helps in creating multiple obstacles for the virus at each stage of its lifecycle thus reducing the ability of the virus to replicate. This strategy has also been effective against drug-resistant strains of HIV. Drug-resistant strains arise as a result of mutations occurring in the viral genome. The most favored combination of antiretroviral drugs in a HAART method is the triple-cocktail approach where two nucleoside-analogue RTIs and one non-nucleoside-analogue RTI or a protease inhibitor are used.

How HIV is Transmitted

The human immunodeficiency virus is chiefly caused by contact with vaginal fluid, semen or blood infected by the disease. HIV is typically spread via these three causes:

- HIV may be spread to infants from their mothers during childbirth or during nursing.
- Sexual contact with someone infected with HIV.
- Contact with an infected needle or syringe (Sharing needles with someone infected with HIV).

HIV Precautionary Measures Include:

- Discuss HIV and other STDs with your sexual partner.
- Learn as much as possible about your partner’s past sexual behavior, other sexual partners, drug use and lifestyle.
- Use a condom every time you have sexual intercourse.
- Never share needles or syringes with anyone.
- Get tested for HIV and other STDs.

HIV Treatments

Although there is no known cure for HIV/AIDS, it is a manageable virus. Advances in HIV treatments since the HIV/AIDS epidemic began in the 1980s have helped to weaken the progression of the HIV infection to AIDS. As a result of advancements in medical research and sciences, the number of fatalities resulting from AIDS has decreased in the United States. All blood donated to blood banks and infirmaries in the United States are now tested for HIV. As a result, contracting HIV from a blood transfusion is very rare.According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, there are currently thirty-one antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV and AIDS. These drugs do not cure or get rid of HIV or AIDS, but they do suppress the virus and allow the infected person to live a longer, richer, healthier life. It is important to note, that although the virus can be suppressed via use of ARVs, HIV/AIDS can still be spread by the infected individual. It is important that the infected person use all precautions to forestall the spread of the virus to others.

Treatment Complications, Risks and Possible Side Effects

Like many drug treatments, the medications used to treat HIV/AIDS can cause complications and side effects. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on rare occasion can cause serious medical complications including: changes in metabolism and bone loss. Patients need to be aware of possible complications when taking any medication and be alert to their body’s response to the drug. It is important to communicate any concerns regarding your HIV treatment with your physician.

Research has shown that HIV can create strains resistant to antiretroviral drugs when patients fail to take all their prescribed medications consistently. It is essential for patients to talk to their physicians regarding their concerns or hardships with their suggested drug regimens. Some patients experience disagreeable side effects and may have difficulty keeping up with the required daily medication schedule. If this is the case, it is recommended that the patient and physician find an alternative solution as quickly as possible as inconsistency with antiretroviral drugs may allow the HIV infection to become resistant to that specific treatment.

HIV Support Groups

Support groups and connections with others who are also living with HIV/AIDS may provide some benefit. Connecting with others who share your medical condition may provide emotional support, a sense of unity and may help prevent individuals from feeling isolated in their illness. The

World Health Organization states that support groups can provide important psychosocial support to individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Becoming infected with HIV can affect all aspects of the infected individual’s life as well as the life of their family and caregivers. Support groups may help HIV patients better cope with their illness. Support groups should not be used to replace professional psychological services.